Taking 300 or more wickets across a playing career is considered a significant achievement in Test cricket.[2][3][4] The feat, first accomplished by EnglishmanFred Trueman in 1964,[5] has only been achieved by thirty-three players in the history of the game as of October 2018. Six players from Australia, five each from India, England and South Africa; four from the West Indies; three each from Pakistan and Sri Lanka; and two from New Zealand have crossed the 300-wicket mark in Tests. Bangladesh and Zimbabwe are yet to see a player reach the 300 mark.[6]
Muttiah Muralitharan has captured the highest number of wickets in Test cricket.[1]
As of October 2018, former Sri Lankan cricketer Muttiah Muralitharan has the highest aggregate with 800 wickets.[6] He also holds the record for the most five-wicket hauls (67) and ten-wicket hauls in a match (22); his 16 wickets for 220 runs against England in 1998 is the fifth-best bowling performance by a player in a match.[7][8][9] Indian spinner Ravichandran Ashwin is the fastest to cross the 300-wicket mark (54 Tests), while the late West Indian player Malcolm Marshall has the best bowling average (20.94) among those who have achieved the milestone.[10] Fellow West Indian Lance Gibbs is the most economical player with 1.98 runs per over, while South African fast bowler Dale Steyn has the best strike rate of 42.3 balls per wicket.[6] India's Anil Kumble has the best bowling figures in an innings (10 wickets for 74 runs against Pakistan in 1999); they are the second-best in the history of Test cricket after English cricketer Jim Laker's 10 for 53 (against Australia in 1956).[11]
Key[edit]
Bowlers with 300 or more Test wickets[edit]
Last updated: 25 February 2019
See also[edit]References[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_bowlers_who_have_taken_300_or_more_wickets_in_Test_cricket&oldid=897687503'
Most bowling alleys are equipped with machines that take care of the scoring for you, but you should still know how the bowling scoring system works. Otherwise, the scores the machine gives you will seem arbitrary and confusing.
Bowling-Scoring Basics
One game of bowling consists of 10 frames, with a minimum score of zero and a maximum of 300. Each frame consists of two chances to knock down ten pins.
Instead of “points” in football or “runs” in baseball, we use “pins” in bowling.
Strikes and Spares
Knocking down all ten pins on your first ball is called a strike, denoted by an X on the score sheet. If it takes two shots to knock down all ten pins, it’s called a spare, denoted by a /.
Open Frames
If, after two shots, at least one pin is still standing, it’s called an open frame. Whereas open frames are taken at face value, strikes and spares can be worth more—but not less—than face value.
How to Score a Strike
A strike is worth 10, plus the value of your next two rolls.
At a minimum, your score for a frame in which you throw a strike will be 10 (10+0+0). At best, your next two shots will be strikes, and the frame will be worth 30 (10+10+10).
Say you throw a strike in the first frame. Technically, you don't have a score yet. You need to throw two more balls to figure out your total score for the frame.
In the second frame, you throw a 6 on your first ball and a 2 on your second ball. Your score for the first frame will be 18 (10+6+2).
How to Score a Spare
A spare is worth 10, plus the value of your next roll.
Say you throw a spare in your first frame. Then, in your first ball of the second frame, you throw a 7.
Your score for the first frame will be 17 (10+7).
The maximum score for a frame in which you get a spare is 20 (a spare followed by a strike) and the minimum is 10 (a spare followed by a gutter ball).
How to Score an Open Frame
If you don't get a strike or a spare in a frame, your score is the total number of pins you knock down. If you knock down five pins on your first ball and two on your second, your score for that frame is 7.
Putting Everything Together
Many people understand the basics but get confused when trying to add everything up. Your total score is nothing more than the sum of each individual frame. If you treat each frame individually, it's much easier to comprehend the scoring system.
Breaking Down a Sample Score
Frame-by-Frame Explanation
1. You threw a strike, which is 10 plus your next two shots. In this case, your next two shots (the second frame) resulted in a spare. 10+10=20.
2. You threw a spare, which is 10 plus your next shot. Your next shot (from the third frame) was a 7. The value of this frame is 17 (10+7). Added to the first frame, you're now at 37. 3. An open frame is worth exactly the number of pins you knocked down.
7+2=9. Added to 37, you're now at 46.
4. Another spare. Adding your next shot (from the fifth frame-a strike), you get 20 (10+10). Added to 46, you're at 66. 5. A strike, followed by two more strikes. 10+10+10=30, putting you at 96. 6. A strike, followed by a strike and a 2. 10+10+2=22. You're now at 118. 7. A strike, followed by a 2 and 3. 10+2+3=15, putting your score at 133. 8. An open frame. 2+3=5. You're now at 138. 9. A spare, followed by a 7 in the tenth frame. 10+7=17, putting you at 155. 10. A spare, followed by a 3. 10+3=13, resulting in a total score of 168. The Tenth Frame
In the sample score, three shots were thrown in the tenth frame. This is because of the bonuses awarded for strikes and spares. If you throw a strike on your first ball in the tenth frame, you need two more shots to determine the total value of the strike.
If you throw a spare on your first two balls in the tenth frame, you need one more shot to determine the total value of the spare. This is called a fill ball.
If you throw an open frame in the tenth frame, you won't get a third shot. The only reason the third shot exists is to determine the full value of a strike or spare.
Muttiah Muralitharan has captured the highest number of wickets in Test cricket.[1]
As of October 2018, former Sri Lankan cricketer Muttiah Muralitharan has the highest aggregate with 800 wickets.[6] He also holds the record for the most five-wicket hauls (67) and ten-wicket hauls in a match (22); his 16 wickets for 220 runs against England in 1998 is the fifth-best bowling performance by a player in a match.[7][8][9] Indian spinner Ravichandran Ashwin is the fastest to cross the 300-wicket mark (54 Tests), while the late West Indian player Malcolm Marshall has the best bowling average (20.94) among those who have achieved the milestone.[10] Fellow West Indian Lance Gibbs is the most economical player with 1.98 runs per over, while South African fast bowler Dale Steyn has the best strike rate of 42.3 balls per wicket.[6] India's Anil Kumble has the best bowling figures in an innings (10 wickets for 74 runs against Pakistan in 1999); they are the second-best in the history of Test cricket after English cricketer Jim Laker's 10 for 53 (against Australia in 1956).[11]
Key[edit]
Bowlers with 300 or more Test wickets[edit]
Last updated: 25 February 2019
See also[edit]References[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_bowlers_who_have_taken_300_or_more_wickets_in_Test_cricket&oldid=897687503'
A ten-pin bowler releases his bowling ball
Bowling Lanes At South Africa.
Bowling is a target sport and recreational activity in which a player rolls or throws a bowling ball toward pins (in pin bowling) or another target (in target bowling).
In pin bowling, the goal is to knock over pins at the end of a lane, with either two or three balls per frame allowed to knock down all pins. A strike is achieved when all the pins are knocked down on the first roll, and a spare is achieved if all the pins are knocked over on a second roll (or, if applicable, on a third roll).
Lanes have wood or synthetic surfaces onto which protective lubricating oil is applied in different specified oil patterns that vary ball path characteristics. Common types of pin bowling include ten-pin, candlepin, duckpin, nine-pin, and five-pin bowling.
Despacito full song. The media files you download with rsymedias.com must be for time shifting, personal, private, non commercial use only and remove the files after listening.
In target bowling, the aim is usually to get the ball as close to a mark as possible. The surface in target bowling may be grass, gravel, or synthetic.[1]Bowls, skittles, kegel, bocce, carpet bowls, pétanque, and boules may have both indoor and outdoor varieties.
Bowling is played by 100 million people in more than 90 countries (including 70 million in the United States),[2] and is the subject of video games.
In the U.S. and Canada, the term bowling usually refers to ten-pin bowling, whereas in the U.K. and Commonwealth countries the term often denotes lawn bowls.
Modern variations of pin bowling[edit]
Relative sizes of bowling balls and pins for three popular variations of the game.
Scale: the horizontal blue lines are one inch apart vertically.
Candlepin balls are the smallest of the three, but candlepins are tallest and thinnest
Duckpins are the shortest, and duckpin balls are barely larger than candlepin balls
Ten-pin balls and pins are the heaviest.
Modern pin bowling includes ten-pin bowling (formed in about 1840), candlepin bowling (about 1880), and duckpin bowling (early 1890s).
Modern bowling derives from forms of the sport ranging back thousands of years.
History[edit]Ancient history[edit]
The earliest known forms of bowling date back to ancient Egypt,[3] with wall drawings depicting bowling being found in a royal Egyptian tomb dated to 5200 B.C.[4] and miniature pins and balls in an Egyptian child's grave about 5200 B.C.[5] Remnants of bowling balls were found among artifacts in ancient Egypt going back to the Egyptian protodynastic period in 3200 BC.[6] Balls were made using the husks of grains, covered in a material such as leather, and bound with string. Other balls made of porcelain have also been found, indicating that these were rolled along the ground rather than thrown due to their size and weight.[6] Some of these resemble the modern day jack used in target bowl games. Bowling games of different forms are also noted by Herodotus as an invention of the Lydians in Asia Minor.[7]
About 2,000 years ago, in the Roman Empire, a similar game evolved between Roman legionaries entailing the tossing of stone objects as close as possible to other stone objects, which eventually evolved into Italian Bocce, or outdoor bowling.[8]
Around 400 AD, bowling began in Germany as a religious ritual to cleanse oneself from sin by rolling a rock into a club (kegel) representing the heathen, resulting in bowlers being called keglers.[9]
Post-classical history[edit]
In 1299, the oldest-surviving known bowling green for target style bowling was built: Master's Close (now the Old Bowling Green of the Southampton Bowling Club) in Southampton, England, which is still in use.[10]
In 1325, laws were passed in Berlin and Cologne that limited bets on lawn bowling to five shillings.[9]
In 1366, the first official mention of bowling in England was made, when King Edward III banned it as a distraction to archery practice.[11]
In the 15th-17th centuries, lawn bowling spread from Germany into Austria, Switzerland, and the Low Countries, with playing surfaces made of cinders or baked clay.[9]
In 1455, lawn bowling lanes in London were first roofed-over, turning bowling into an all-weather game.[9] In Germany, they were called kegelbahns, and were often attached to taverns and guest houses.
In 1463, a public feast was held in Frankfurt, Germany, with a venison dinner followed by lawn bowling.[9]
Modern history[edit]In the 16th to 18th centuries[edit]
Peasants bowling in front of a tavern in the 17th century
In 1511 English King Henry VIII was an avid bowler. He banned bowling for the lower classes and imposed a levy for private lanes to limit them to the wealthy.[12] Another English law, passed in 1541 (repealed in 1845), prohibited workers from bowling, except at Christmas, and only in their master's home and in his presence. In 1530 he acquired Whitehall Palace in central London as his new residence, having it extensively rebuilt complete with outdoor bowling lanes, indoor tennis court, jousting tiltyard, and cockfighting pit.
Protestant Reformation founder Martin Luther set the number of pins (which varied from 3 to 17) at nine.[citation needed] He had a bowling lane built next to his home for his children, sometimes rolling a ball himself.[9]
On 19 July 1588 English Vice-Admiral Sir Francis Drake allegedly was playing bowls at Plymouth Hoe when the arrival of the Spanish Armada was announced, replying 'We have time enough to finish the game and beat the Spaniards too.'[13]
The Bowling Game, by Dutch painter Jan Steen, c. 1655. Many Dutch Golden Age paintings depicted bowling.
In 1609 Dutch East India Company explorer Henry Hudson discovered Hudson Bay, bringing Dutch colonization to New Amsterdam (later New York); Hudson's men brought some form of lawn bowling with them.[9]
In 1617 English King James I published Declaration of Sports, banning bowling on Sundays but permitting dancing and archery for those first attending an Anglican service, outraging Puritans; it was reissued in 1633 by his successor Charles I, then ordered publicly burned in 1643 by the Puritan Parliament.
In 1670 Dutchmen liked to bowl at the Old King’s Arms Tavern near modern-day 2nd and Broadway in New York City.[14]
In 1733 Bowling Green in New York City was built on the site of a Dutch cattle market and parade ground, becoming the city's oldest public park to survive to modern times.
In the 19th century[edit]
A painting from around 1810 shows British bowlers playing a bowling sport outdoors. It shows a triangular formation of ten pins chronologically before it appeared in the United States.[15]
In 1819, New York writer Washington Irving made the first mention of ninepin bowling in American literature in his story Rip Van Winkle.
On 1 January 1840, Knickerbocker Alleys in New York City opened, becoming the first indoor bowling alley.[16]
In 1841, the state of Connecticut banned nine-pin bowling to stop gambling, causing ten-pin bowling to be created to get around the law[3] — some 31 years after the aforementioned British outdoor ten-pin bowling painting was dated.
A tongue-in-cheek illustration of a bowling alley, from the cover of Harpers Weekly magazine (U.S., 1860)
In 1846, the oldest surviving bowling lanes in the United States were built as part of Roseland Cottage, the summer estate of Henry Chandler Bowen (1831-1896) in Woodstock, Connecticut. The lanes, now part of Historic New England's Roseland Cottage House Museum contain Gothic Revival architectural elements in keeping with the style of the entire estate.[17]
In 1848, the Revolutions of 1848 resulted in accelerated German immigration to the U.S., reaching 5 million by 1900, bringing their love of beer and bowling with them; by the late 19th century they made New York City a center of bowling.
In 1848, the Scottish Bowling Association for lawn bowling was founded in Scotland by 200 clubs; it was dissolved then refounded in 1892.
In 1864, Glasgow cotton merchant William Wallace Mitchell (1803–84) published Manual of Bowls Playing, which became a standard reference for lawn bowling in Scotland.[18]
In 1875, the National Bowling Association (NBA) was founded by 27 local clubs in New York City to standardize rules for ten-pin bowling, setting the ball size and the distance between the foul line and the pins, but failing to agree on other rules; it was superseded in 1895 by the American Bowling Congress.[19]
In 1880, Justin White of Worcester, Massachusetts invented Candlepin Bowling.
In the 1880s, Brunswick Corporation (founded 1845) of Chicago, Illinois, maker of billiard tables began making bowling balls, pins, and wooden lanes to sell to taverns installing bowling alleys.
Palace Bowling Alleys in the Music Hall in Pawtucket Rhode Island, circa 1895.[20]
On 9 September 1895, the modern standardized rules for ten-pin bowling were established in New York City by the new American Bowling Congress (ABC) (later the United States Bowling Congress), who changed the scoring system from a maximum 200 points for 20 balls to a maximum 300 points for 12 balls, and set the maximum ball weight at 16 lbs., and pin distance at 12 inches. The first ABC champion (1906-1921) was Jimmy Smith (1885-1948).[21] In 1927 Mrs. Floretta 'Doty' McCutcheon (1888-1967) defeated Smith in an exhibition match, founding a school that taught 500,000 women how to bowl.[22][23][24] In 1993 women were allowed to join the ABC. In 2005 the ABC merged with the Women's International Bowling Congress (WIBC) et al. to become the United States Bowling Congress (USBC).
In the early 1890s, Duckpin bowling was invented in Boston, Massachusetts, spreading to Baltimore, Maryland about 1899.
In the 20th century[edit]
In 1903, the English Bowling Association was founded by cricketer W. G. Grace. On 1 January 2008, it merged with the English Women's Bowling Association to become Bowls England.
An early bowling tournament (1905; American Bowling Congress; Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.)
In 1903, D. Peifer of Chicago, Illinois invented a handicap method for bowling.[25]
In 1905, Rubber Duckpin bowling was invented by Willam Wuerthele of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, catching on in Quebec, Canada.
The ABC initially used bowling balls made of Lignum vitae hardwood from the Caribbean, which were eventually supplanted by the Ebonite rubber bowling ball in 1905 and the Brunswick Mineralite rubber ball[26] by 1909.[27]Columbia Industries, founded in 1960, was the first manufacturer to successfully use polyester resin ('plastic') in bowling balls.[28] In 1980, urethane-shell bowling balls were introduced by Ebonite.
Rules for target bowls evolved separately in each of the other countries that adopted the predominantly British game. In 1905, the International Bowling Board was formed;[29] its constitution adopted the laws of the Scottish Bowling Association, with variations allowed at the individual country level.[30]
In September of 1907, the Victorian Ladies' Bowling Association was founded in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, becoming the world's first women's lawn bowling association.
In 1908, the now-oldest surviving bowling alley for the tenpin sport was opened in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the basement of the Holler House tavern, containing the oldest sanctioned lanes in the United States.
In 1909, the first ten-pin bowling alley in Europe was installed in Sweden, but the game failed to catch on in the rest of Europe until after World War II. Meanwhile, ten-pin bowling caught on in Great Britain after hundreds of bowling lanes were installed on U.S. military bases during World War II.[9]
In 1913, the monthly Bowlers Journal was founded in Chicago, Illinois, continuing to publish to the present day.
In late 1916, the Women's International Bowling Congress (originally the Woman's National Bowling Association) was founded inSaint Louis, Missouri, merging with the United States Bowling Congress in 2005.
Side-by-side duckpin and ten-pin bowling lanes. The duckpin ball has no finger holes, whereas the ten-pin bowling balls of the day (photo circa 1919) had only a single finger hole in addition to a thumb hole.
In 1920-1933 Prohibition in the U.S. caused bowling alleys to disassociate from saloons, turning bowling into a family game and encouraging women bowlers.[24]
On 2 October, 1921, the annual Petersen Open Bowling Tournament (a.k.a. The Pete) was first held in Chicago, Illinois, becoming bowling's richest tournament of the day. In 1998, it was taken over by AMF.[31]
In 1926, the International Bowling Association (IBA) was formed by the United States, Sweden, Germany, Netherlands, and Finland, holding four world championships by 1936.[9]
On 21 March, 1934, the National Bowling Writers Association was founded in Peoria, Illinois, by four bowling journalists; it changed its name in 1953 to the Bowling Writers Association of America.[32]
In August of 1939, the National Negro Bowling Association was founded in Detroit, Michigan, dropping Negro from the title in 1944 and opening membership to all races. It reached 30,000 members in 2007.[33]
In 1947, the Australian Women's Bowling Council was founded. It held the first Australian women's national lawn bowling championship in Sydney in 1949, which was won by Mrs. R. Cranley of Queensland.
On 18 April, 1948, the Professional Women Bowling Writers (PWBW) was founded in Dallas, Texas, admitting men in 1975. On 1 January, 2007, it merged with the Bowling Writers Association of America.[34]
In 1950, following extensive lobbying by civil rights groups in the wake of the 1947 integration of Major League Baseball, the American Bowling Congress opened its membership to African Americans and other minorities.[35] The WIBC followed suit the following year.[33]
About 1950, the Golden Age of Ten-Pin Bowling began, in which professional bowlers made salaries rivaling those of baseball, football, and hockey players; this ended in the late 1970s.
Most Career 300 Games Bowling Ball
In 1951, the first ABC Masters tournament was held, becoming one of the four majors by 2000.
In 1952, the Fédération Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) was founded in Hamburg, Germany, to coordinate international amateur competition in nine-pin and ten-pin bowling. In 1954, the first FIQ World Bowling Championships were held in Helsinki, Finland. In 1979, the International Olympic Committee recognized it as the official world governing body for bowling. It changed its name to World Bowling in 2014.
In 1952, American Machine and Foundry (AMF) of Brooklyn, N.Y., began marketing automatic Pinsetter machines. This eliminated the need for pinboys and caused bowling to rocket in popularity, making the 1950s the Decade of the Bowler.
In 1954, Steve Nagy (1913-1966) became the first person to bowl a perfect 300 game on TV on NBC-TV's 'Championship Bowling'.[36][37] The PBA later named its sportsmanship award after him.
Dick Weber (1986)
Earl Anthony (1979)
Buzz Fazio (1965)
In 1958, the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) was founded in Akron, Ohio by 33 prominent bowlers (including Don Carter, Dick Weber, Dick Hoover, Buzz Fazio, Billy Welu, Carmen Salvino and Glenn Allison) after they listened to a presentation by sports agent Eddie Elias. The PBA eventually reached about 4,300 members in 14 countries worldwide. In 1975, Earl Anthony became the first PBA member with $100,000 yearly earnings, and the first to reach $1,000,000 total earnings in 1982. In 2000, it was purchased by former executives of Microsoft, who moved the PBA headquarters to Seattle, Washington.
On 28 November, 1960, the first PBA Championship in Memphis, Tennessee was won by Don Carter. It was renamed the PBA World Championship in 2002, and now awarded the Earl Anthony Trophy to the winner.
In 1960, the Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) was founded as the first professional women's bowling association; it went defunct in 2003.
In 1960, the National Bowling League (NBL) was founded to compete with the PBA. It attracted name players such as Billy Welu and Buzz Fazio, but failed to sign top star Don Carter. The league's failure to get a TV contract caused it to fold following its first championship in 1962.
On 27 January, 1962,[38]ABC Television aired its first Saturday afternoon broadcast of a PBA Tour event, the Empire State Open held at Redwood Lanes in Albany, New York,[39] beginning a partnership between ABC and the PBA that lasted through 1997. The Saturday afternoon bowling telecasts garnered very good ratings through the early 1980s, until the cable television-fueled explosion of sports viewing choices caused ratings to decline.
In 1962, the first PBA Tournament of Champions was held; it became an annual event in 1965, and was sponsored by Firestone Tire from 1965 through 1993.
In 1962, the American Wheelchair Bowling Association (AWBA) was founded in Louisville, Kentucky, by Richard F. Carlson.[40]
Between 3 and 10 November, 1963, the Fifth FIQ World Bowling Championships in Mexico City, Mexico, were attended by 132 men and 45 women (first time) from 19 nations. It featured the debut of Team USA, which won seven of the eight gold medals.[41]
On 25 November, 1963, Sports Illustrated published the article A Guy Named Smith Is Striking It Rich, revealing that PBA stars made more money than other professional sports stars, for 'with more than $1 million in prizes to shoot for, the nation's top professional bowlers are rolling in money.'[42] This was short-lived, however, for although the number of bowling alleys in the U.S. zoomed from 65,000 in 1957 to 160,000 in 1962, the U.S. bowling industry boom hit a brick wall in 1963. This was compensated, however, by a new boom in Europe and Japan, making 10-pin bowling an international sport.[43]
In 1964, 'Mr. Bowling' Don Carter became the first athlete to sign a $1 million endorsement contract: a multi-year deal with Ebonite International.
In 1964, Marion Ladewig, a 9-time winner of the Bowling Writers Association of America's Female Bowler of the Year Award, became the first Superior Performance inductee into the WIBC Hall of Fame.
In 1965, the AMF Bowling World Cup was established by the FIQ.
On 27 January, 1967, the Japan Professional Bowling Association (JPBA) was founded in Tokyo, Japan.
In 1971, the U.S. Open was founded by the PBA. From 1942 to 1970, this event was known as the BPAA All-Star.
In 1978, National Negro Bowling Association pioneer J. Elmer Reed (1903–83) became the first African-American to be inducted into the ABC Hall of Fame.[44]
On 16 December, 1979, Willie Willis won the Brunswick National Resident Pro Tournament in Charlotte, North Carolina, becoming the first African-American bowling champion in the PBA in a non-touring event. In 1980, he became the first African-American in the Firestone Tournament of Champions, placing 13th.[45]
On 27 February, 1982, Earl Anthony won the Toledo Trust PBA National Championship, becoming the first bowler to reach $1 million in career earnings.
In 1982, the Young American Bowling Alliance was formed from a merger of the American Junior Bowling Congress, the Youth Bowling Association, and the collegiate divisions of the ABC and WIBC.[46]
In 1982, the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Australia, added women's bowls to the events.
On 1 July, 1982, former PBA pro Glenn Allison rolled the first 900 series (three consecutive 300 games in a three-game set) to ever be submitted to the ABC for award consideration. The ABC, however, refused to certify the score, citing non-complying lane conditions.[47]
On 22 November, 1986, George Branham III (born 1962) became the first African-American to win a PBA national touring event: the Brunswick Memorial World Open in Chicago, Illinois.
On 18 September, 1988, the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, featured ten-pin bowling as a demonstration sport.
On 2 August, 1991, in Havana, Cuba, tenpin bowling became an international medal-level sport for the first time at the 1991 Pan American Games, and continues to this day.
In the 1992-1993 season, the ABC introduced resin bowling balls, causing perfect 300 scores to increase by 20%.[48] Autocad 2014 activation code keygen 64 bit.
In 1995, the first Best Bowler ESPY Award was presented.
In 1995, the National Bowling Stadium opened in Reno, Nevada, becoming known as the Taj Mahal of Tenpins.
On 2 February, 1997, Jeremy Sonnenfeld (born 1975) bowled the first officially sanctioned 900 series of three straight perfect 300 games at Sun Valley Lanes in Lincoln, Nebraska, becoming known as 'Mr. 900'.[49]
In 1998, the World Tenpin Masters 10-pin bowling tournament was established.
In 2000, the Weber Cup, named after Dick Weber, was established as 10-pin bowling's equivalent to golf's Ryder Cup, with Team USA playing Team Europe in a 3-day match.
In the 21st century[edit]
On 31 March 2004 Missy Bellinder (1981-) (later Parkin) became the first female member of the PBA.[50] The PBA had opened up its membership to women following the 2003 demise of the PWBA. One year later, Liz Johnson became the first woman to make the televised final round of a PBA Tour event.[51]
In 2004 the Brunswick Euro Challenge was founded for amateur and pro 10-pin bowling players from Europe, Asia, and the U.S.[52]
On 24 January 2010 Kelly Kulick (1977-) became the first woman to win the PBA Tournament of Champions and the first woman to win a PBA national tour event.
In November 2012 after league bowling dropped from 80% to 20% of their business, AMF Bowling Centers of Richmond, Virginia filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy for the second time (first in 2001), merging in 2013 with upscale New York-based bowling center operator Bowlmor (which didn't support league bowling) in an attempt to turn league bowling around, growing from 276 centers in 2013 to 315 in 2015.
In 2013 the PBA League was founded, composed of eight permanent 5-person teams, with an annual draft.[53]
In 2015, the Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) was revived after a 12-year hiatus.[54]
Variations[edit]
Bowling games can be distinguished into two general classes:
Pin bowling[edit]
A man play bowling
Five main variations are found in North America, with ten-pin being the most common but others being practiced in the eastern U.S. and in parts of Canada:[55]
Target bowling[edit]
A bowls tournament in Berrigan, New South Wales, Australia
Another form of bowling is usually played outdoors on a lawn. At outdoor bowling, the players throw a ball, which is sometimes eccentrically weighted, in an attempt to put it closest to a designated point or slot in the bowling arena.
Accessibility[edit]
Technological innovation has made bowling accessible to members of the disabled community.
In popular culture[edit]With notable individuals[edit]U.S. Presidents[edit]
Richard Nixon bowling on one of the two lanes in what was then called the Old Executive Office Building
The single bowling alley under the north portico of the White House, after extensive renovation in 2019
In 1948, two bowling lanes were installed in the ground floor of the West Wing of the U.S. Presidential residence, the White House, as a birthday gift for then-President Harry S. Truman.[57] The lanes were moved to the Old Executive Office Building (now the Eisenhower Executive Office Building) in 1955, for the benefit of White House employees;[58] its old location became a mimeograph room, and, much later, the White House Situation Room.[57] On 9 July 2014, the General Services Administration published, then quickly withdrew, a solicitation for bids to replace the Truman bowling lanes, which were deemed 'irreparable' for not having had 'any professional, industry standard maintenance, modifications, repairs or attention' for fifteen years.[58][59]
In 1969, friends of then-President Richard M. Nixon, who was said to be an avid bowler, had a one-lane alley built in an underground space below the building's North Portico.[57] The one-lane bowling alley underwent major renovations in 1994, and again in 2019.[60]
Paintings[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Notes
Further reading
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bowling&oldid=899359363'
Jeff Carter (born June 18, 1969) is a right-handed American professional ten-pin bowler, member of the Professional Bowlers Association. He joined the PBA in 1999.
PBA career[edit]
Carter has one career PBA Tour title. He has made three championship round appearances, the first two of which came in the 2006–07 season, his first as an exempt bowler. Is 3–2 with a 212 average in three career TV singles appearances. One of those finals appearances came in the 64th U.S. Open where he fell to Pete Weber, 267–192. Carter was on the opposite end of history as Ryan Shafer fired the 18th televised 300 game in PBA history against him in the 2007 PBA Pepsi Championship. He was named the 1999 PBA Midwest Region Rookie of the Year and the 2005–06 PBA Midwest Region Player of the Year. Earned his first career exemption by leading the 2005–06 PBA Midwest Region point rankings. Owns 12 career PBA Regional Tour titles and over $125,000 in regional earnings. Total career PBA winnings stand at over $400,000 ($281,605 on the PBA Tour).
2006–07: In his first season as an exempt bowler, did not disappoint by finishing 26th in the PBA World Point Rankings, qualifying for match play nine times and appearing in two TV finals. While surviving as a middle-of-the-pack bowler for most of the season, Carter made a big push at the conclusion of the season to solidify his point ranking and secure a second exemption. Made his first two career TV appearances in back-to-back shows, the 64th U.S. Open and 2007 Pepsi Championship. Defeated Dave D'Entremont, 185–183, in the first stepladder match of the 64th U.S. Open before falling to eventual champion Pete Weber, 267–192, in the second match… Carter had earlier been on top in the prestigious Major, leading the first eight-game block of qualifying… Followed up the performance one week later with a second TV appearance in a stepladder final, this time as the No. 2 seed… Became the victim of the Denny's PBA Tour's 18th televised perfect game, falling to Ryan Shafer, 300–228. Made match play the following week in the 2007 Denny's World Championship before bowing out in the Round of 32… Advanced to the Round of 8 in the 2007 Earl Anthony Medford Classic before falling, 4–2, to Patrick Healey Jr. Ranked 12th on Tour in single elimination match play multi-pin conversion rate (83.33).
2007–08: Competed in the first four events of the season before filing for an injury deferment… Had surgery on his right hand and was granted a deferment of his exemption to the 2008–09 season by PBA Commissioner and CEO Fred Schreyer… Competed in his first career Japan Cup to open the season, finishing 58th… Missed match play in the first three events to start the regular season and withdrew from the next few events before receiving his deferment… Came back toward the end of the season to compete in the Denny's World Championship and 65th Denny's U.S. Open… Finished 67th in the World Championship and just missed match play in the U.S. Open, finishing 30th.
2008–09: Carter ended his 122-tournament quest for his first Lumber Liquidators PBA Tour title February 22, 2009, defeating his idol Pete Weber, 235–213, to win the GEICO Plastic Ball Championship at Brunswick Zone-Wheat Ridge. [1]
2009–10: Despite nagging injuries, Carter cashed in 17 of 18 events, and made match play seven times. He had an eighth-place finish in the 2009 PBA World Championship.
Records & Milestones[edit]
Holds the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) record for highest sanctioned league average (261.74)[1] and has bowled 112 USBC-sanctioned perfect 300 games. In PBA events, he has recorded 24 perfect games through the 2009–10 season.
Personal[edit]
Carter resides in Springfield, Illinois with his children.
Mary Teubner Memorial Classic[edit]
On the PBA Midwest Regional Tour, Carter hosts the Mary Teubner Memorial Classic, which is named in memory of close and longtime friend Mary Teubner who lost her battle with intestinal cancer in 2001. Carter is very active in devoting his time to raising money to help find a cure for the devastating disease.
Sources[edit]References[edit]
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